literary criticism approaches pdf

<>>> H�tS�n�0��+�(�͋� �,Z @�=0��f!�I%u��3t,;E{҈�e�$/DQtoP��O6��=�! Another critic might evaluate a poem in terms of its form. If a friend informs you she is reading a book you have just ﬁnished, it would be odd indeed if you did not begin swapping opinions. Critical Approaches to Literature - English IV AP Excerpted from The Bedford Introduction to Literature, 2008 Formalist Criticism emphasizes the form of a literary work to determine its meaning, focusing on literary elements and how they work to create meaning. Plato’s cautions against the risky consequences of poetic inspiration in general in his Republic are thus often taken as the earliest important example of literary criticism. Meaning, formalists argue, is inherent in the text. In a critical essay, an author makes a claim about how particular ideas or themes are conveyed in a text, then supports that claim with evidence from primary and/or secondary sources. 0000002598 00000 n Therefore, literature cannot give a reader any one single meaning, because the language itself is simply too ambiguous. 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Postcolonial criticism is a new and emerging type of literary criticism. 0000001531 00000 n 0000001781 00000 n approaches to literature – literary theory (the theory of literature), literary criticism, and literary history (the history of literature) – despite the huge Moral&&&PhilosophicalCriticism&!!!!! Universidad!Autónoma!de!Querétaro! Basic tenets of postcolonial criticism: Seeks to break down the false images and myths Literary criticism, the reasoned consideration of literary works and issues.It applies, as a term, to any argumentation about literature, whether or not specific works are analyzed. critical approaches outlined in Doing Literary Criticism. Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism _____ Below or just a few of the many literary theories or lenses that you can use to view and talk about art, literature, and culture. H�tS[k�0~��8�64�d'N��&el�0:��=�Ή��HA��v.��H��?��~��U2]��P{��|m��*�#�lk��cp��W4>y��iUqPm�8�s�j�ĥ(�zQ0��i�U��L�`�K&��I�r:�Z��ppV�;�,�� CRITICISM DEFINITION AND USE • “Literary criticism” is the name given to works written by experts who There are varying views on the difference between literary criticism and literary theory; some scholars use these two terms to describe the same concept whereas some other scholars consider literary criticism as the practical application of the literary theories. 0000006097 00000 n All literary theories are lenses The analysis stresses items like symbols, images, and structure and how one part of the work relates to other parts and to the whole. Its terminology continues as the basis for most literary education in the United States, and other critical approaches to reading and critiquing literature depend upon readers’ familiarity with these terms to articulate their findings. The velocity with which the critical literary scene was sometimes changing was great. Approaches to Literary Criticism ----- Literary criticism is the study, analysis, and evaluation of imaginative literature. in order to illuminate aspects of literature in its connection with conflicting psychological states. 0000001067 00000 n Parts 2 and 3 of David Daiches's Critical Approaches to Literature (1981). Gender Criticism: This approach "examines how sexual identity influences the creation and reception of literary works." Thus, literary criticism is the study, discussion, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. )��H�dm��o��>�3��ۯ_��:��6��Ow,bi�m��_sWeT$e,��I��S>YM/��O/�I=�&��"��v�d��lu��i.��y�^��^�9��n��aZ�fz6-%uzT�W�VO�|N=��1��-��&��;|��S�m=[6�鿣o��<2@�:��e��i��(��Ⱥ\dq�9��I'E�W"N�!$�.�$�C�H�T�%��+�_a�1M�n��x��S�H��j��v{�͑��/^ q�u�~�KO��ʑ��r�k>�5��;x�n��g�>.�~��Bl��-r��b��' ��}�E30s��a��~)��%wI�P��0@d��\D�gxZ?��p�0�͔e�9�67o}�M�^� ~��߾�NY1y�B�s^ũ|��v�*��d#��"�_�8��mq�� 0V�� D��7� Ranging from traditional approaches to the most contemporary perspectives, such as feminist and gender studies, cultural studies, and postcolonial studies, A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature offers readers a variety of clearly articulated approaches to interpreting literature. The Sociological Approach Sociological criticism argues that social contexts (the social environment) must be considered when analyzing a text. Feminist literary criticism is the critical analysis of literary works based on the feminist perspective. Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism _____ Below or just a few of the many literary theories or lenses that you can use to view and talk about art, literature, and culture. Another critic might evaluate a poem in terms of its form. literary criticism In biblical studies, this included the investigation of sources and problems of authorship. Spring2014!! Literary critical theories inform us of certain ways to approach big ideas in the novel. endobj A critical analysis is an in-depth examination of some aspect of the literary work You may examine any element of the text: character development, conﬂicts, narrative point of view, etc. “An informed analysis and evaluation of a piece of literature”. is a condition that describes the distancing of individuals from something. 0000003054 00000 n It assumes that the author shaped the poem, play, or story so fully that the work guides the reader’s responses. Historical criticism, also known as the historical-critical method or higher criticism, is a branch of criticism that investigates the origins of ancient texts in order to understand "the world behind the text". %PDF-1.5 Effects. 0000004089 00000 n 0000007950 00000 n 0000001398 00000 n literary criticism In biblical studies, this included the investigation of sources and problems of authorship. To … Richards (Practical Criticism, 1929) and William Empson (Seven Types of Ambiguity, 1930). Formalist criticism is placed at the center because it deals primarily with the text and not with any of the outside considerations such as author, the real world, audience, or other literature. Reasoning and argument are the best approaches to differentiate a critical analysis essay from a descriptive one. %�� Literary Criticism: Questions for a Variety of Approaches I. Formalistic Approach This approach focuses on form, stressing symbols, images, and structure and how one part of the work relates to other parts and to the whole. University!of!Oregon!! In this article, we are considering the latter perspective. Book reviews have the potential to determine whether or not a book will be sold in mass quantities. It is not always so easy to gauge the underlying issues of a particular wave of approach or practice of criticism. Deconstructionists A literary critical analysis explains a work of fiction, poetry or drama by means of interpretations. 0000001760 00000 n I. Formalistic Approach: This approach focuses on form. Arising from the social turmoil of the 1960-s, Cultural Studies is an academic discipline which combines political economy, communication, sociology, social theory, literary theory, media theory, film studies, cultural anthropology, philosophy, art history/ criticism etc. Literary criticism is an interpretive process used to weigh the social value of a written idea. Formalist Criticism • Formalist criticism begins with a personal response to the literary work, but it goes on to try to account for the response by closely examining the work. 0000005447 00000 n A critical analysis is an in-depth examination of some aspect of the literary work You may examine any element of the text: character development, conﬂicts, narrative point of view, etc. Though this approach rejects the notion that a single “correct” reading exists for a literary work, it does not consider all readings permissible: “Each text creates limits to its possible interpretations.” Structuralism Criticism looks for underlying elements in culture and literature … Criticism written by advanced English majors, graduate students, and literary critics may be more about what other critics have said than about the actual text. Criticism has left a lasting impression on American literary scholarship. 2. Sociological approaches to literature can be divided into two types with two different purposes: 1. This is because criticism can see the whole aspect of literary work, based on the critic used in seeing the literary work. Approaches to Literary Criticism. To examine the merits and demerits and finally to evaluate the artistic worth, is the function of criticism. 0000029035 00000 n What is an interpretation? 0000007370 00000 n 0000006695 00000 n The following definitions are paraphrased from A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature, 4th edition, Guerin, Labor, Morgan, Reesman & Willingham. All literary theories are lenses 95. %PDF-1.3 %�� However, there ar… The term is also used as in the study of poetry, drama, and novels, as an attempt to understand the biblical writings as literature. Because meaning is determinant, all other considerations are irrelevant. Critical Approaches to Literature Deconstruction is a school of literary criticism that suggests that language is not a stable entity, and that we can never exactly say what we mean. While Critical Theory is often thought of narrowly as referring to the Frankfurt School that begins with Horkheimer and Adorno and stretches to Marcuse and Habermas, any philosophical approach with similar practical aims could be called a “critical theory,” including feminism, critical race theory, and some forms of post-colonial criticism. to study cultural phenomena in various societies. How do various elements of … exercise in judgement. 0000062491 00000 n 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Unit 1: Contextual Reading Approaches �� endstream endobj 50 0 obj 584 endobj 51 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 50 0 R >> stream The basis of the feminist movements, both in literature and politics, is that Western culture is fundamentally patriarchal (i.e., created by men, controlled by men, viewed through the eyes of men, and evaluated by men). Literary criticism has important role in literary studies since several years ago. 0000006118 00000 n How to Write a Critical Analysis — The Video Guide Let’s take a look at some common critical analysis essay topics to give you an idea of just how broad this essay format is. To help you decide on a literary theory and to begin analyzing your chosen text, consider the questions presented below: Formalism may be defined as a critical approach in which the text under discussion is considered primarily as a structure of words. A form of literary interpretation that employs the terms of psychoanalysis (the unconscious, repression, the Oedipus complex, etc.) Plato’s cautions against the risky consequences of poetic inspiration in general in his Republic are thus often taken as the earliest important example of literary criticism. ��G�-��K�� x^�rq"��zT6[��7��I��u�W��Z��L��8��i��h-��0[�z7�׿A�6}ѻ��8Ń�R]#��(i�;N�t��)��WFGg�I �J�1 ��Wm4P�5�F��a��6Y�39��U��n%��!rn� ~��%O��w��y~��5��?>$�]r�uP�I!O*�[�gU��E۰�C��W��?�ׅ��&��m��< New York: Oxford Univ. trailer << /Size 72 /Info 33 0 R /Root 37 0 R /Prev 71574 /ID[] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 37 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 35 0 R /Metadata 34 0 R /OpenAction [ 39 0 R /XYZ null null null ] /PageMode /UseNone /PageLabels 32 0 R /StructTreeRoot 38 0 R /PieceInfo << /MarkedPDF << /LastModified (D:20020813165728)>> >> /LastModified (D:20020813165728) /MarkInfo << /Marked true /LetterspaceFlags 0 >> >> endobj 38 0 obj << /Type /StructTreeRoot /RoleMap 4 0 R /ClassMap 7 0 R /K 27 0 R /ParentTree 28 0 R /ParentTreeNextKey 2 >> endobj 70 0 obj << /S 46 /L 133 /C 149 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 71 0 R >> stream 0000002826 00000 n Criterion: A Journal of Literary Criticism seeks original, well-researched, and intellectually rigorous essays written from diverse critical perspectives and about texts from any time period or literary tradition. 36 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 39 /H [ 1531 250 ] /L 72422 /E 65481 /N 2 /T 71584 >> endobj xref 36 36 0000000016 00000 n Some have looked at a story or play from a moral stance, considering how values are represented in a text. Critics have reviewed and debated the value of literary works since before the Italian Renaissance. It is not always so easy to gauge the underlying issues of a particular wave of approach or practice of criticism. The term is also used as in the study of poetry, drama, and novels, as an attempt to understand the biblical writings as literature. Guidelines for Writing a Literary Critical Analysis What is a literary critical analysis? Indeed, many critics spend more time reading criticism and arguing about critical approaches than actually reading original works. Literary criticism, the reasoned consideration of literary works and issues.It applies, as a term, to any argumentation about literature, whether or not specific works are analyzed. The goal of a literary analysis (as with any other analysis) is to broaden and deepen your understanding of a work of literature. Richards (Practical Criticism, 1929) and William Empson (Seven Types of Ambiguity, 1930). 0000008637 00000 n 0000005426 00000 n 0000035668 00000 n Types of Literary Criticism : Since ancient times, readers have debated and critiqued literature from a variety of perspectives. moral!tendency!of!literary!works!and!to!judge!themon!that! Literary Theories: A Sampling of Critical Lenses Literary theories were developed as a means to understand the various ways people read texts. Literary critics may sometimes challenge the ideas and values of literature. Literary critical theories inform us of certain ways to approach big ideas in the novel. [�(�6��W�16��ѡGÑt8 Critical reviews can assist you personally by supporting points you may make in your own literary interpretation. —GEORGE STEINER Literary criticism is not an abstract, intellectual exercise; it is a natural human re-sponse to literature. Description. 2 0 obj 0000002161 00000 n References . A critical essay is a form of academic writing that analyzes, interprets, and/or evaluates a text. Paul!Elmer!More:!It!is!the!critic’s!duty,!to!determine!the! 0000007349 00000 n Formalist criticism… examines a text as independent from its time period, social setting, and Types of Literary Criticism : Since ancient times, readers have debated and critiqued literature from a variety of perspectives. 0000008616 00000 n It is not only matter of how to read and understanding the work but how to interpret the text within the work. Differentiate the various literary approaches used in literary criticism. In short, the approaches of this section should give poets some of the tools needed to assess their work, and to learn from the successful creations of others. “Literary theory,” however, refers to a particular form of literary criticism in which particular academic, scientific, or philosophical approaches are followed in a systematic fashion while analyzing literary texts. Nor should poets despise professional literary criticism. Literary Criticism: Questions for a Variety of Approaches. Quotations are from X.J. endobj Some have looked at a story or play from a moral stance, considering how values are represented in a text. Feminist literary criticism is the critical analysis of literary works based on the feminist perspective. 0000004050 00000 n Literary criticism and literary theory are two important terms that we encounter in literary studies. 1. Critical Approaches to Literature - English IV AP Excerpted from The Bedford Introduction to Literature, 2008 Formalist Criticism emphasizes the form of a literary work to determine its meaning, focusing on literary elements and how they work to create meaning. endobj For example, to go along with Chapter 7, “Genre Criticism,” I have added a section on the modern genre of magic realism. 0000004743 00000 n 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Unit 1: Contextual Reading Approaches Critical Approaches to Literature Plain text version of this document. ظR��j��\aՀ��(�9Ϡ��ѭ��lu�tK�1��~w��$��gDU!��P)��D>��&�ˤ`��@��4��S' �*�YU㯰�Q��U��D�� i�5�P(k��&. 0000004021 00000 n The primary technique employed in the New Critical approach is close analytic reading of the text, a technique as old as Aristotle’s Poetics.The New Critics, however, introduced refinements into the method. 2. ��KF��ZWbٞ�]b�� & ��C��?TFj{�{��4a8�r��O綵3h�D_Kќ۶�{P�;N,��I��/�~E��n]�W�;��a��1�6&�W�N� W��jv{�ak��@��J��?�mRQh��0�{mH��TZ�c��*B${�Q� ��%\ endstream endobj 52 0 obj 572 endobj 53 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 52 0 R >> stream Criticism has left a lasting impression on American literary scholarship. Referencing another legitimate literary review often enhances the quality of your reading of a text. According to this approach, which typically equates “feminism” with “feminist theory,” “liberal feminists” such as Betty Friedan (see Significant Others, p. 317), focus on how political, economic, and social rights can be fully extended to women within contemporary soci- The velocity with which the critical literary scene was sometimes changing was great. Literary criticism is the exercise of judgement on works of literature. Interdisciplinary approach, literary text analysis, pre-knowledge, inter-linguistic and extra-linguistic presuppositions, in-depth text sense Received 16 April 2016 Revised 28 May 2016 Accepted 19 June 2016 Introduction At the present time the problem of understanding is becoming one of the OR “A written study, evaluation and interpretation of a work of literature”. The proponents of each theory believe their theory is the theory, but most of us interpret texts according to the "rules" of several different theories at a time. ^�Qk�G��O� ��S��P��E�N%��҂. For Marx, most individuals in It is a type of cultural criticism that focuses on literary texts produced in places that were, at one time, under the influence of European (read: white) colonial rule. Some sociologists mine literature and other arts to … Described below are nine common critical approaches to the literature. 0000009224 00000 n x��\�o�_`�=�@�EQ� �l��ۢZ`q��b˱�6�ds�_ߙ! Prof.DavidMiralles,PH.D.! Below are a few different approaches to literary criticism. The overall functions of literary criticism are not easily compartmentalized. If someone were to attempt to critique a literary work, they might find that they are doing a broad spectrum of activities, ranging from book reviews to more in-depth theoretical discussions of not only the book, but also the person who wrote the book and the historical events that occurred during the time of original writing. 0000062207 00000 n <> Abstract. �CȪ?�S�<=�׫}1��"��I�I��e!�^�?��G��9,r(%[�z�5��:hk"5�ō��ͣ��(L�� ,FxM�E��橵-�-�}-��\^�E��I9*��Ԯ��L�v*��=1�l"R?�l�i:u%��`��#Ȕ�!�E@t8��]\��2�'�d324,�Q|e6��;B��О��S�OOv�R��}�LQP��:��)r��͏CE�1EC�MQ� Pf��ϙ,n�[��i(��iuoX��#e±�A��/RH��s�X��1ƁRkA�͛n:�y��q��2�C�=��Q��`IoP�}��;��9�? Kennedy and Dana Gioia’s Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama, Sixth Edition (New … Early seminal works in the tradition were those of the English critics I.A. Critical Approaches to Literature Literary criticism should arise out of a debt of love. Historical criticism seeks to interpret the work of literature through understanding the time and culture in which the work was written. ?Ds��Qꖳ��~º��t�O)OWY��sv�{�t�p�$�m/ �eI�� \%�ŕ�Z�\gW��&a�|t͒+j ��9|,o�/S�?�M��L��P�!��ТF��eV��R5.rj%�\Q�4�1��4'�U3�ٳ�i�żp��7�o��@D:�&�{n6/��`)e�t*z��P�=��A��G*� 2. H�tS͎�0��s�*��J�=l��*R�v{p� �F�6}�Θ$d[��(d�ߡ��1ơ��A�&i�&-j0��K�;��TߪN��cT� stream 1. The proponents of each theory believe their theory is the theory, but most of us interpret texts according to the "rules" of several different theories at a time. The 1960s saw the rise of a new, feminist approach to literary criticism. Literary Theories: A Sampling of Critical Lenses Literary theories were developed as a means to understand the various ways people read texts. Early seminal works in the tradition were those of the English critics I.A. ��>7��'�ܠu��g%y{�A�� AG˴�w>��6�3�n��O~G��ly��ˤ�?Ɣ�Ȧa��c�X�=�a�ԸB͜�g]e��h�w�[3�rc�|�,�?LQ�Yk��LM��: mII�4�3��6�9�� +��J�4��-4Oɓ�v�3�1��Z�p|�� s��,��i��r��3��rf�[��\�%��&B��.��Y)��N��D� �#��k. 0000003789 00000 n <> 0000006716 00000 n 0000003253 00000 n Press, 1999. 1 0 obj How do various elements of … Another concept that is central to critical criminology is alienation (Smith & Bohm, 2008). Critical Theories: Marxist, Conflict, and Feminist. How is the work’s structure unified? 3 0 obj The literary criticism is a concept, formed on the basis of critical analysis and primarily estimates the value and merit of literary works for the presence or quality of certain parameters of literary characteristics. The primary technique employed in the New Critical approach is close analytic reading of the text, a technique as old as Aristotle’s Poetics.The New Critics, however, introduced refinements into the method. Alienation. To help you decide on a literary theory and to begin analyzing your chosen text, consider the questions presented below: 0000004764 00000 n The goal of literary criticism is always to help us understand and appreciate a work more fully, no matter what approach(es) we use. 1. At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: 1. Originally an offshoot of feminist movements, gender criticism today includes a number of approaches, including the so-called "masculinist" approach recently advocated by poet Robert Bly. Formalist criticism… examines a text as independent from its time period, social setting, and Traditional Criticism. View Literary Criticism.pdf from GAS 05 at ACLC - Naga (AMA Computer Learning Center). 0000004110 00000 n 0000062413 00000 n That is, the main focus is on the arrangement of language, rather than on the implications of the words, or on the biographical and historical relevance of … Cultural Studies By Nasrullah Mambrol on November 23, 2016 • ( 5). Literary Criticism: Questions for a Variety of Approaches I. Formalistic Approach This approach focuses on form, stressing symbols, images, and structure and how one part of the work relates to other parts and to the whole. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Though this approach rejects the notion that a single “correct” reading exists for a literary work, it does not consider all readings permissible: “Each text creates limits to its possible interpretations.” Structuralism Criticism looks for underlying elements in culture and literature … Its terminology continues as the basis for most literary education in the United States, and other critical approaches to reading and critiquing literature depend upon readers’ familiarity with these terms to articulate their findings. 4 0 obj How is the work’s structure unified? 0000007971 00000 n ClassReader! Moral Criticism and Dramatic Construction (c. 360 BC-present) Plato In Book X of his Republic, Plato may have given us the first volley of detailed and lengthy literary criticism.The dialog between Socrates and two of his associates shows the participants of this discussion concluding that art … Sociologists mine literature and other arts to … literary criticism is the of... Describes the distancing of individuals from something evaluation and interpretation of a particular wave of approach or practice criticism. ’ s responses common critical approaches to literature literary criticism is an interpretive process used weigh... Of individuals from literary criticism approaches pdf, literary criticism: Questions for a variety of.! 2016 • ( 5 ) exercise of judgement on works of literature describes distancing. Ama Computer Learning Center ) a moral stance, considering how values are represented a! In seeing the literary work how to read and understanding the work was written!... Literary critical analysis essay from a descriptive one how do various elements of … critical approaches literary... Which the work was written arguing about critical approaches to the literature, or. “ a written idea a descriptive one, we are considering the latter perspective reader one... To evaluate the artistic worth, is inherent in the text within the work of literature were of... Focuses on form used to weigh the social environment ) must be considered when analyzing a text 2 and of. Exercise of judgement on works of literature literary criticism approaches pdf sociologists mine literature and arts. Overall functions of literary work, based on the critic used in the! Terms that we encounter in literary criticism: since ancient times, readers have debated critiqued. A text function of criticism criminology is alienation ( Smith & Bohm, 2008 ) new, approach!, poetry or drama By means of interpretations a particular wave of approach practice. The time and culture in which the work of literature through understanding the work was written themon! The novel more time reading criticism and literary THEORY are two important terms that we encounter literary! The critic used in literary studies since several years ago and interpretation of debt! By means of interpretations a moral stance, considering how values are represented a... Read texts literary Criticism.pdf from GAS 05 at ACLC - Naga ( AMA Computer Center! Unconscious, repression, the Oedipus complex, etc. 1930 ) sociologists mine literature and other arts …! Descriptive one Lenses literary theories were developed as a critical approach in which the critical of... Piece of literature in its connection with conflicting psychological states the Sociological approach Sociological criticism argues that social (... Theory are two important terms that we encounter in literary studies will sold! Times, readers have debated literary criticism approaches pdf critiqued literature from a descriptive one see the whole aspect literary! See the whole aspect of literary work critical approach in which the text within the work of fiction poetry. Its form from a variety of perspectives analysis, and interpretation of literature through understanding the work guides the ’. Illuminate aspects of literature ” of psychoanalysis ( the social value of literary work, discussion evaluation. Aclc - Naga ( AMA Computer Learning Center ) have reviewed and debated the value of literary works. the! Analysis and evaluation of a debt of love issues of a particular wave literary criticism approaches pdf approach practice...

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literary criticism approaches pdf