She spent most of her career working for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), first with the Chemistry and Climate Processes Group, and later with the Earth System Research Laboratory. And because this means that the essence of rational inquiry is intellectual humility. I had not expecting [sic] such an enormous world-wide pressure put at me from a community that I have been close to all my active life. He suggests that changes in the concentration of the gases could bring climate change. If Ruddiman is right, anthropogenic global warming is anything but a recent phenomenon; rather, it has deep roots in human prehistory. Labeyrie, eds., ”Climate model simulations of the equilibrium climatic response to increased carbon dioxide,", ”Climate simulations for 9000 years before present: seasonal variations and effect of the Laurentide ice sheet,". He continued to refine and update the model for many years after his move to NCAR in Colorado. The graph clearly shows two phases: a mostly flat phase (the hockey stick “handle”) during roughly nine-tenths of the period since 1000 AD, followed by a sharply increasing phase (the hockey stick “blade”) beginning around 1900 and continuing until 1998, the year before the paper was published. The interaction of thermally excited gravity waves with mean flows. No consensus on IPCC’s level of ignorance, Why Kerry is flat wrong on climate change, Though Scorned by Colleagues, a Climate-Change Skeptic Is Unbowed. Karoly/Tamblyn vs Happer Global Warming Debate, Statement of Dr. James Hansen, Director, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Scientists still aren’t sure about this whole thing. In 2002, Ramanathan was elected a Fellow of the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS). 20. We need to act now. Learn about the best online colleges and universities that allow you to earn your degree from anywhere. The idea for which Lindzen is best known, though, is undoubtedly the “adaptive infrared iris” conjecture. In 2007, Curry was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Climate change is fueling wildfires. Curry is currently Professor Emerita at Georgia Tech, as well as President of Climate Forecast Applications Network, or CFAN (see below), an organization she founded in 2006. [24] Then, Lindzen and a colleague proposed an explanation for the “superrotation” of the highest layer of Venus’s atmosphere (some 50 times faster than the planet itself), a model that is still being debated.[25]. If this is going to continue I will be unable to conduct my normal work and will even start to worry about my health and safety. Often called the “Grandfather of Climate Science,” Broecker pioneered the study of the history of the earth’s oceans since the Pleistocene epoch by means of radiocarbon and other isotope-based dating systems. Wigley is the author or co-author of more than 150 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, as well as the author or editor of two books (see below). Climate science and the uncertainty monster. Surabi Menon, James Hansen, Larissa Nazarenko, and Yunfeng Luo, “Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India,” Science, 2002, 297(5590): 2250 — 2253. In 1986  — 1987, Solomon led a team to Antarctica to make measurements and take samples to test her hypothesis  — which was confirmed. He has been especially critical of the notion that the “science is settled.” In a 2009 Wall Street Journal op-ed, he maintained that the science is far from settled and that “[c]onfident predictions of catastrophe are unwarranted.”[27] For his trouble, Lindzen has suffered the usual brutal, ad hominem attacks from the climate-change establishment. 7. More recently, Ruddiman has gained additional renown for his “early-Anthropocene hypothesis,” the idea that in the early Holocene epoch (~12,000 years BP) human activity had already begun to have a major impact on global climate. Michael Wines, “Though Scorned by Colleagues, a Climate-Change Skeptic Is Unbowed” (New York Times website, July 15, 2014). Our position is simple. Effectively responding to the possible threats from a warmer climate is made very difficult by the deep uncertainties surrounding the risks both from the problem and the proposed solutions. He is currently Professor Emeritus in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT. The recipient of many grants, fellowships, and honorary degrees, in 2015, Mann was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). The importance of the topic of this article is undeniable. [10] The recipient of numerous grants, awards, and other honors, he is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the American Meteorological Society (AMS), the American Geophysical Union, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. This was an illustration in a 1999 paper of Mann’s (with two co-authors) showing mean surface temperature anomaly (departures from an reference value, or “calibration period”) in C° for the Northern Hemisphere during the past millennium.[5]. Manabe is currently Senior Meteorologist at Princeton University. Along with two American colleagues, Wigley articulated this critique in a highly controversial, widely discussed Nature Commentary piece published in 2008.[13]. 26. Here are a few of those milestones: 1859 – John Tyndall discovers that some gases block infrared radiation. Mitchell was a convening lead author for the first and third reports of Working Group I: The Physical Science Basis (WGI) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and lead author for WGI’s second report. In an interview with the BBC from 2007, he accused the IPCC process of gross politicization and scientists of succumbing to “group-think” and “herd instinct.”[16]; In 2009, he made the following statement in testimony to the House Ways and Means Committee (altogether, he has testified before Congress some 20 times): From my analysis, the actions being considered to “stop global warming” will have an imperceptible impact on whatever the climate will do, while making energy more expensive, and thus have a negative impact on the economy as a whole. Climate change scientists fly more often than any other researchers, a new study has revealed.. Responding to a firestorm of negative publicity, the House of Commons’s Science and Technology Committee spearheaded an official investigation into the allegations. Hansen told the Senate Committee that global warming is anthropogenic and will, if allowed to continue unabated, pose a grave threat to the future of humanity. Jones was born in Redhill, England, in 1952. Climate change will shift planet’s rain belt, threatening food security for billions, scientists say. List of authors of Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Studies, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Advisory Committee for the Sustained National Climate Assessment, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, List of authors from Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_climate_scientists&oldid=1001616075, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 January 2021, at 14:12. He holds a Ph.D. (1969) in marine geology from Columbia University. In 2011, she moved to MIT, where she is currently Lee and Geraldine Martin Professor of Environmental Studies in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (with a joint appointment in the Chemistry Department). A Fellow of both the Geological Society of America and the American Geophysical Union, in 2010, he was awarded the Lyell Medal by the Geological Society of London, and in 2012, he received the Distinguished Career Award bestowed by the American Quaternary Association. Hansen is the author or co-author of more than 180 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, as well as one book for a popular audience. They had to be, because there are many thousands of climate scientists in the world today, a large number of whom have been involved in the debate over global warming/climate change and would have a legitimate claim to appear on a list like this. Global Trends of Measured Surface Air Temperature. As a direct result of her work, an international agreement was reached in 1989 to ban CFCs for commercial uses. Climate change: Threshold for dangerous warming will likely be crossed between 2027-2042 Scientists introduce a new way to predict global warming, reducing uncertainties considerably She has received many research grants, been invited to give numerous public lectures, and participated in many workshops, discussion panels, and committees, both in the US and abroad. That same year, he joined the US Weather Bureau, working in the General Circulation Research Section  — now known as the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)  — until 1997. That said, we do not feel under any obligation to give “equal time” to both sides. What if global-warming fears are overblown? List of famous or otherwise notable persons who have contributed to the study of climate science. And the more scientists know, the more they may feel compelled to share, especially when it comes to a topic as far-reaching and potentially devastating as climate change. Theirs was the first successful attempt to use such satellite data collection for the purpose of establishing long-term temperature records. And, if the Congress deems it necessary to reduce CO2 emissions, the single most effective way to do so by a small, but at least detectable, amount is through the massive implementation of a nuclear power program.[17]. In a 1969 paper (see below), Manabe published the first general-circulation simulations of the atmosphere coupled with the ocean. The same is true of climate change: most people defer to the expert consensus of climate scientists. In 2002, Mitchell was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), and in 2004, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London (FRS). He maintains, not only that anthropogenic greenhouse gases have played a smaller role in global warming than is usually believed, but also that the earth’s climate system is not nearly so sensitive as is usually assumed. Climate change, the periodic modification of Earth’s climate caused by atmospheric changes and the atmosphere’s interactions with geologic, chemical, biological, and geographic factors. We also hold that what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. Broecker was born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1931. Because the truth is one thing, my knowledge of it is something else. He is currently Principal Research Fellow, advising the British government’s meteorological division (Met Office) on climate change, and is Visiting Professor at the University of Reading. Curry is the author or co-author of more than 180 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, as well as the co-author or editor of three books (see below). From 2002 until 2008, he was the Hadley Centre’s Chief Scientist, and from 2008 until 2010, he was its Director of Climate Science. 19. Richard Lindzen and Richard Goody, “Radiative and photochemical processes in mesospheric dynamics: Part I. [26] According to this model, the observed inverse correlation between surface temperature and cirrus cloud formation may operate as a negative feedback on infrared radiation (heat) build-up near the earth’s surface. (see below), to foster a more open and skeptical discussion of the whole gamut of issues involving climate change/global warming. 21. Manabe is best known for his pioneering work on empirically adequate models of the circulatory dynamics of the earth’s atmosphere. [2] Beginning in 1981 and continuing throughout most of the '80s, he worked on global temperature analysis, co-authoring a landmark paper 1987 that demonstrated the feasibility of combining meteorological data from widely separated stations to explain long-term patterns in weather variability. 17. He is currently Newberry Professor of Geology in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and the Earth Institute at Columbia University, as well as a research scientist with Columbia’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. They have concluded that almost all climate scientists support the idea of anthropogenic climate change. 15. In 2015, Manabe was awarded the Benjamin Franklin Medal by the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia, and in 2018, he shared the prestigious Crafoord Prize in Geosciences with Susan Solomon (see below). Discover schools with the programs and courses you’re interested in, and start learning today. Lindzen is author or co-author of nearly 250 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, as well as author, co-author, or editor of several books, pamphlets, and technical reports (see below). Scientists have studied global warming for more than 100 years. Ramanathan is the author or co-author of nearly 300 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters. In 1978, Mitchell became Head of what later became the Met Office’s Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research. I see no limit and end to what will happen. James E. Hansen and Satoshi Matsushima, “The Atmosphere and Surface Temperature of Venus: A Dust Insulation Model,” Astrophysical Journal, 1967, 150: 1139 — 1157. Does the earth have an adaptive infrared iris?, ”Simulated climatology of a general circulation model with a hydrologic cycle,", ”Thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere with a given distribution of relative humidity,", ”Climate calculation with a combined ocean-atmosphere model,", ”Interhemispheric asymmetry in climate response to a gradual increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide,", ”Climatic response to a gradual increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide,", ”Transient response of coupled ocean-atmosphere model to gradual changes of atmospheric CO, ”Transient response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to gradual changes of atmospheric CO, ”Study of abrupt climate change by a coupled ocean-atmosphere model,", ”Exploring natural and anthropogenic variation of climate,", ”Equilibrium response of thermohaline circulation to large changes in atmospheric CO, ”Simulated long-term changes in river discharge and soil moisture due to global warming,". Ramanathan was born in Chennai (then Madras) in the state of Tamil Nadu in India, in 1944. He has won numerous awards, prizes, and other honors, including the National Medal of Science in 1997 and the Crafoord Prize in Geosciences in 2006. The Climate Threat We Can Beat: What It Is and How to Deal With It. We are the cause. TheBestSchools.org is an advertising-supported site. [19] However, Christy stands his ground, refusing to give in to ad hominem attacks or the exercise of naked political power, insisting the issues must be discussed on the scientific merits alone. In addition to numerous grants, commission and board memberships, honorary degrees, and other forms of professional recognition, he has received the Milutin Milanković Medal (1996) bestowed by the European Geophysical Society, the Descartes Prize (2005) bestowed by the European Union, the International Meteorological Organization Prize (2006), and the Rossby Prize (2007) bestowed by the Swedish Geophysical Society. Facts & Sources. Featured or trusted partner programs and all school search, finder, or match results are for schools that compensate us. He has received numerous awards, prizes, and other honors, including the American Physical Society’s Leo Szilard Award for Outstanding Promotion and Use of Physics for the Benefit of Society (2007) and NASA’s Distinguished Service Medal (2013). Writing on her blog in 2015 about her most-recent Congressional testimony, Curry summarized her position as follows: The wickedness of the climate change problem provides much scope for disagreement among reasonable and intelligent people. Climate Change is the defining issue of our time and we are at a defining moment. Models for radiative and photochemical processes. Shaviv emphasizes (see the video clip, below) that “science is not a democracy” and all that matters is the evidence for these claims — which he finds deficient. He has also written upon occasion for a broad, educated audience on the policy implications of his work. Lindzen’s hypothesis has been highly controversial, but it is still being discussed as a serious proposal, even by his many critics. He is currently Professor of Climatology in the Department of Ecology and Environmental Science at the University of Adelaide. She chairs the Climate Vulnerable Forum, a group of some 50 countries particularly in peril from climate change, despite having contributed a pittance to atmospheric greenhouse gases. This work enabled him to reconstruct the biogeochemical carbon cycle, as well as the influence of climate change on polar ice and ocean sediments, among other important results. J.A. CLIMATE-CHANGE FACTS. Bengtsson’s scientific work has been wide-ranging, including everything from climate modelling and numerical weather prediction to climate data and data assimilation studies. When Bengtsson voiced his displeasure over the rejection of his paper, and mainstream scientists noticed his new affiliation with the GWPF, intense pressure was brought to bear, both in public and behind the scenes, to force Bengtsson to recant his criticism of the journal in question and to resign from the GWPF. It is the classical liberal one. Finding herself denounced as a “climate change denier” and under intense pressure to recant her views, in 2017 Curry instead took early retirement from her job at Georgia Tech and left academia, citing the “craziness” of the present politicization of climate science. Christy is best known for work he did with Roy W. Spencer beginning in 1979 on establishing reliable global temperature data sets derived from microwave radiation probes collected by satellites. Here is a list of the topics in which our climate scientists have taken their PhD's: Here is the breakdown of doctoral fields of study for the 15 climate scientists on our list: Some additional subjects that also might lead into climate science might include the following: If you try, you can probably come up with still more fields of study that would be relevant to the highly synthetic field of climate science. Authors of seven climate consensus studies — including Naomi Oreskes, Peter Doran, William Anderegg, Bart Verheggen, Ed Maibach, J. Stuart Carlton, and John Cook — co-authored a paper that should settle the expert climate consensus question once and for all. Cue the shade of Voltaire (channeled by Evelyn Beatrice Hall): “I disagree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.” Why should I defend someone else’s freedom to say what I myself believe to be wrong? Shaviv is the author or co-author of more than 100 peer-reviewed journal articles or book chapters, of which some of the most important are listed below. Jon Birger, “What if global-warming fears are overblown?” (Fortune website, May 14, 2009). The historically large Camp Fire of 2018 caused at least ninety deaths, destroyed more than 18,000 structures, and covered an area roughly the same size as the Chicago metropolitan area. Solomon was the third-most-highly cited geoscientist in the world during the decade of the 1990s according to Science Watch newsletter. She also gave testimony some half dozen times between 2006 and 2015 to Senate and House subcommittees, expressing in several of them her concerns about the politicization of the usual scientific process in the area of climate change. We are the cause. For example, in 2011, she published (with a collaborator) an article stressing the uncertainties involved in climate science and urging caution on her colleagues. He was co-leader of the team, known as the Indian Ocean Experiment, that was assembled during the 1990s to study this issue, which he believes has contributed to changes in the pattern of the monsoon phenomenon characteristic of the Indian subcontinent. In a long and productive career, he has held posts with Australia’s Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology, the University of Waterloo in Canada, the University of East Anglia’s Climatic Research Unit (CRU) in the UK, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado, in the US. Colleagues are withdrawing their support, other colleagues are withdrawing from joint authorship etc. Jones is without doubt best known to the general public on account of his involvement in the so-called “Climategate” affair. Jones is the author or co-author of more than 500 peer-reviewed journal articles or book chapters. ”Climate Change and the Cosmic Ray Connection," in Richard C. Ragaini, ed., ”On climate response to changes in the cosmic ray flux and radiative budget,". [9] In the late 2000s, Ramanathan proposed another creative idea he calls Project Surya (after the Sanskrit word for the sun), which is an effort to introduce cheap, solar-powered cookers throughout rural India, to help cut both soot and CO2 emissions. Jones is currently Professorial Fellow in the School of Environmental Sciences at the University of East Anglia. Wigley is one of the most highly cited climate researchers in the world. From his twin home bases in the UK and Germany, he has cooperated closely over the years with scientists in the US, Sweden, Norway, and other European countries. In 1978, Mitchell became Head of what later became the Met Office’s Hadley Centre for … Wigley, working with colleague Sarah Raper, developed MAGICC largely during his tenure with the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia, where he served as Director from 1979 until 1993. The pattern is also believed to be linked to periodic cooling (glacial) and warming (interglacial) trends over the past three million years, which would have been expected to lead to a new glaciation about 8000 years ago, but did not (the “overdue-glaciation” phenomenon). The list is compiled manually, so will not be complete, up to date, or comprehensive. In the spring of 2010, this group released a report exonorating Jones and all the other scientists involved. [22] After that, he solved a problem that had been discussed for over 100 years by some of the best minds in physics, including Lord Kelvin, namely, the physics of atmospheric tides (daily variations in global air pressure). Transcript. He has been extraordinarily active professionally, serving on numerous academic, editorial, and governmental advisory committees and panels. The great ocean conveyor, as it is also known (it was Broecker who hit upon the conveyor belt image to describe this system), is a prime causal factor determining the earth’s climate. 10. And partly, it has meant the assessment and refinement of statistical methods such as time-series data analysis, and the comparison of modelling results against data. Radiative and photochemical processes in mesospheric dynamics: Part I. In a highly important series of papers beginning in the mid-1960s, Manabe and his collaborators applied the principles of fluid dynamics, along with massive amounts of meteorological data, to develop first of all a one-dimensional, single-column model of the atmosphere in radiative-convective equilibrium, together with positive feedback effects deriving from water vapor. ”The maximal runaway temperature of Earth-like planets”, ”Quantifying the role of solar radiative forcing over the 20th century,", ”The sensitivity of the greenhouse effect to changes in the concentration of gases in planetary atmospheres,", ”An outburst from a massive star 40 days before a supernova explosion,". Ruddiman, M.C. This compensation does not influence our school rankings, resource guides, or other editorially-independent information published on this site. ”On the link between cosmic rays and terrestrial climate”, ”Interstellar-terrestrial relations: variable cosmic environments, the dynamic heliosphere, and their imprints on terrestrial archives and climate,". 3 on p. 761. [23] Next, he discovered the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), a cyclical reversal in the prevailing winds in the stratosphere above the tropical zone. Please note that the two sub-lists are alphabetical. 14. The list includes scientists from several specialities or disciplines. The tacit assumption behind their indignation  — that only private actors have material interests, while public actors are by definition impartial seekers after truth  — simply won’t wash. We strongly suspect that in, say, 100 years' time, when (we hope!) Bengtsson is currently Senior Research Fellow with the Environmental Systems Science Centre at the University of Reading, as well as Director Emeritus of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology. Manabe is the author or co-author of a great many peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, some of the best-known and/or most important of which are listed below. He holds a Ph.D. (1958) in geology from Columbia University.

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